Structure, biosynthesis and activity of indolactam alkaloids
Leanne A Pearson1, Peter Karuso2, Brett A Neilan1
1School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.
The Alkaloids. Chemistry and Biology
|October 9, 2024
Summary
Indolactam alkaloids, toxins from bacteria and cyanobacteria, cause skin irritation and are tumor promoters. This review covers their discovery, structure, biosynthesis, and synthesis up to 2024.
Area of Science:
- Natural Products Chemistry
- Toxicology
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Indolactam alkaloids are toxic secondary metabolites produced by actinobacteria and cyanobacteria.
- These compounds, characterized by a nine-membered lactam core, include well-known examples like teleocidins and lyngbyatoxins.
- Exposure can cause severe dermatitis and poisoning, and they are known tumor promoters via protein kinase C activation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of indolactam alkaloids.
- To cover their isolation, structural elucidation, biosynthesis, bioactivity, and synthesis.
- To consolidate literature from their discovery in the 1960s to 2024.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications.
- Analysis of studies on isolation and structural characterization.
- Synthesis of information on biosynthetic pathways and biological activities.
Main Results:
- Indolactam alkaloids are a diverse group of natural products with significant toxicological and biological relevance.
- Their characteristic nine-membered lactam core is a key structural feature.
- The review compiles extensive data on their occurrence, properties, and synthetic accessibility.
Conclusions:
- Indolactam alkaloids represent a critical area of research in natural products chemistry and toxicology.
- Understanding their chemistry and biology is essential for addressing their health impacts.
- Continued research into their synthesis and bioactivity is warranted.
Keywords:
BlastmycetinCytoblastinIndolactam alkaloidLyngbyatoxinMoorena producensOlivoretinPendolmycinProtein kinase C activatorTeleocidinTumor promotorMore Related Videos
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