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Epidemiology of bronchiectasis
Mattia Nigro1,2, Irena F Laska3, Letizia Traversi4
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy mattia.nigro@humanitas.it.
Summary
Bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease, shows increasing global incidence and prevalence. This review examines real-world data on its epidemiology, mortality, and healthcare burden, highlighting geographical disparities.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition marked by irreversible airway enlargement, leading to symptoms like cough and sputum production.
- Global incidence and prevalence of bronchiectasis are rising, potentially due to improved diagnostics and awareness, increasing healthcare costs and patient mortality.
- Reported prevalence varies widely (52.3 to >1000 per 100,000), with methodological flaws and geographical factors contributing to data heterogeneity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a comprehensive overview of current real-world epidemiological data for bronchiectasis.
- To analyze incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, and healthcare burden globally.
- To explore geographical variations in bronchiectasis determinants and their impact on epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of available real-world epidemiological data on bronchiectasis.
- Analysis of studies reporting incidence, prevalence, and mortality.
- Examination of factors influencing geographical differences in disease epidemiology.
Main Results:
- Significant heterogeneity exists in global bronchiectasis prevalence data, likely due to methodological inconsistencies and varying assessment approaches.
- Mortality rates in bronchiectasis cohorts range from 16-24.8% over 4-5 years, with geographical variations influenced by aetiology, comorbidities, and access to care.
- Limited healthcare access in certain regions contributes to underdiagnosis, increased disease severity, and higher mortality.
Conclusions:
- Accurate global bronchiectasis epidemiology requires standardized assessment methods to overcome current data heterogeneity.
- Addressing geographical disparities in aetiology, microbiology, and healthcare access is crucial for managing bronchiectasis burden and improving patient outcomes.
- Further research into regional determinants is essential for targeted public health interventions and improved patient care worldwide.
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