Lipidomics in Periodontal Disease Research: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Lipidomics
• Oral Pathology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Periodontal disease has significant local and systemic impacts.
• Multi-omics analyses, particularly lipidomics, are crucial for understanding disease at a molecular level.
• Lipidomics aids in identifying metabolic alterations, signaling pathways, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in disease.

Approach:

• Systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
• Inclusion of indexed English articles from 2000-2023 focusing on lipidomics in human periodontal disease.
• Searches conducted across three major scientific databases.

Key Points:

• Six relevant articles were identified and analyzed.
• Four studies revealed distinct lipidome differences in individuals with periodontal disease.
• Phosphoethanolamine ceramide showed potential as a diagnostic biomarker.
• A lipoxin A4 analogue demonstrated therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

• The current research underscores the necessity for expanded investigations into the lipidome's role in periodontal disease.
• Further studies are required to fully elucidate the consequences of periodontal disease on lipid metabolism and signaling.
• Identifying specific lipid alterations can pave the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.