Precision Medicine in Periodontics: A Literature Review

Periodontitis, a widespread health issue, requires effective prevention and management strategies due to its increasing prevalence and detrimental social consequences. The chronic inflammation associated with periodontitis also exacerbates systemic conditions, emphasizing the need for advanced approaches in addressing this public health concern. The traditional methods of periodontal diagnosis, which primarily rely on clinical indicators such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, mobility, and radiographic measurements of alveolar bone loss, have limitations in guiding therapy due to the intricate and multifaceted nature of periodontal diseases. Precision periodontics is the amalgamation of genomics, bioinformatics, and advanced technology, mainly biomarkers reflecting a precise patient-centered treatment. However, implementing this approach in periodontology is new due to the lack of validated periodontal biomarkers for diagnostic use. This article explores the foundations of personalized therapy in periodontal diagnosis. It discusses the current state and prospects of periodontal biomarkers as a crucial step toward realizing a precision approach in periodontal practice.