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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

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Three dimensional-printed artificial disc replacement for single-level cervical spondylosis: a cohort study.

Xiao-Bo Zhang1, Zilin Gao1, Xin Yao1

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Nanyoumen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.

International Orthopaedics
|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

3D-printed artificial discs offer a clinically effective alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylosis. This innovative approach demonstrates comparable clinical outcomes with improved range of motion and reduced adjacent segment disease.

Keywords:
3D printedAnterior cervical discectomy and fusionCervical artificial disc replacementCervical spondylosis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
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Published on: April 14, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomaterials
  • Spine Surgery

Background:

  • Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the cervical spine.
  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical treatment.
  • Limitations of ACDF include potential adjacent segment disease and reduced range of motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical efficacy of 3D-printed artificial discs with ACDF for treating single-level cervical spondylosis.
  • To evaluate patient outcomes, including clinical symptoms and radiological effects.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 73 patients with single-level cervical spondylosis.
  • Patients were divided into ACDF (38) and 3D-printed artificial disc (CADR) (35) groups.
  • Clinical outcomes assessed using VAS, JOA, and NDI scores. Radiological outcomes assessed using ROM tests.

Main Results:

  • Both ACDF and CADR groups showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms with similar efficacy.
  • The CADR group demonstrated a significantly better postoperative range of motion (ROM) compared to the ACDF group (P=0.003).
  • The CADR group had a lower incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) (P=0.032) and less intraoperative blood loss.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed artificial discs are clinically effective for single-level cervical spondylosis.
  • This approach offers advantages over ACDF, including better maintenance of cervical ROM and a lower risk of ASD.
  • 3D-printed discs represent a promising alternative for cervical spondylosis treatment.