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Children with facial differences experience deficits in emotion skills
Robert Brinton Fujiki1, Fangyun Zhao2, Catharine B Garland1
1Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|October 10, 2024
Summary
Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) show reduced facial mimicry, emotion recognition, and empathy. These findings highlight potential social-emotional challenges for children with facial differences.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Pediatric Psychology
- Social Neuroscience
Background:
- Children with facial differences, like repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP), may have impaired sensorimotor simulation, affecting facial mimicry.
- Facial mimicry is crucial for social interaction and emotional understanding.
- Limited research exists on the social-emotional skills of children with CLP.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate facial mimicry, emotion recognition, and empathy in children with CLP compared to controls.
- To determine if children with CLP exhibit deficits in these social-emotional domains.
- To explore the relationship between facial mimicry and emotion recognition/empathy in this population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 45 children with CLP and 45 age/sex-matched controls (ages 8-12).
- Facial mimicry was assessed using a task with OpenFace quantification.
- Emotion recognition was evaluated using picture-based (Dynamic FACES) and context-based tasks.
- Empathy was measured via the Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EmQue-CA) for children and parents.
Main Results:
- Children with CLP demonstrated significantly reduced facial mimicry (p = .017).
- Deficits were observed in both picture-based (p < .001) and context-based (p < .001) emotion recognition.
- Children with CLP scored significantly lower on child and parent-proxy empathy measures (p < .001).
- Facial mimicry correlated with picture-based emotion recognition in controls but not in the CLP group.
Conclusions:
- Children with CLP exhibit significant impairments in facial mimicry, emotion recognition, and empathy.
- These findings suggest that facial differences may be associated with reduced social-emotional processing.
- Interventions addressing these deficits could improve social functioning in children with CLP.
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