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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Predicting pathogen mutual invasibility and co-circulation.

Sang Woo Park^1,2, Sarah Cobey², C Jessica E Metcalf¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 10, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogen Invasion Theory (PIT) predicts strain interactions by analyzing susceptibility and epidemic dynamics. This framework unifies ideas on pathogen co-circulation and emerging strains.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Theoretical Ecology
Microbial Ecology

Background:

Pathogen community structure shows strain coexistence and replacement, but predicting these dynamics is challenging.
Existing studies on host-pathogen systems lack a unifying theoretical framework for inter-strain interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantitative framework, Pathogen Invasion Theory (PIT), for predicting pathogen strain interactions.
To test PIT against empirical data from major human pathogens.
To unify existing concepts of pathogen co-circulation and strain emergence.

Main Methods:

Developed Pathogen Invasion Theory (PIT) based on modern ecological coexistence theory.
Applied PIT to analyze empirical data from major human pathogens.
Modeled the influence of epidemic dynamics and immunity on susceptible pathogen populations.

Main Results:

PIT predicts widespread mutual susceptibility among pathogen strains.
Co-circulation prediction depends on epidemic dynamics and the replenishment rate of susceptible hosts.
Transmission advantage and immunity duration are critical factors influencing susceptible dynamics.

Conclusions:

Pathogen Invasion Theory (PIT) provides a unified, quantitative framework for understanding pathogen strain interactions.
The theory successfully predicts outcomes of pathogen community dynamics.
PIT offers a tool for forecasting the emergence of novel pathogen strains.