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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

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Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
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Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Helical Polyallenes: From Controlled Synthesis to Distinct Properties.

Yang Zong1, Run-Tan Gao1, Na Liu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.

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|October 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Helical polyallenes are chiral functional materials with reactive double bonds, enabling diverse applications. This review details their controlled synthesis and unique properties like chiroptical activity and stimuli-responsiveness.

Keywords:
ChiralityHelical polymersLiving polymerizationStimuli‐responsivenessSupramolecular self‐assembly

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyallenes with specific pendants can form stable helical structures.
  • These helical structures exhibit significant optical activity and possess reactive double bonds.
  • This makes them promising chiral functional materials for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the controlled synthesis of well-defined helical polyallenes.
  • To summarize the characteristics and properties of these helical polyallenes and related copolymers.
  • To discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Helix-sense selective living polymerization
  • Regioselective and asymmetric living polymerization
  • One-pot block copolymerization of allenes with aryl monomers

Main Results:

  • Synthesis of well-defined helical polyallenes and copolymers.
  • Demonstration of unique chiroptical properties, stimuli-responsiveness, and helix-induced chiral self-assembly.
  • Observation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in these materials.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled synthesis methodologies enable the creation of advanced helical polyallenes.
  • These materials offer unique properties for functional applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in synthesis and expand applications.