A historical perspective of Kupffer cells in the context of infection

The Kupffer cell was first discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer in 1876, labeling them as "Sternzellen." Since their discovery as the primary macrophages of the liver, researchers have gradually gained an in-depth understanding of the identity, functions, and influential role of Kupffer cells, particularly in infection. It is becoming clear that Kupffer cells perform important tissue-specific functions in homeostasis and disease. Stationary in the sinusoids of the liver, Kupffer cells have a high phagocytic capacity and are adept in clearing the bloodstream of foreign material, toxins, and pathogens. Thus, they are indispensable to host defense and prevent the dissemination of bacteria during infections. To highlight the importance of this cell, this review will explore the history of the Kupffer cell in the context of infection beginning with its discovery to the present day.