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Nuclear compensatory evolution driven by mito-nuclear incompatibilities.

Debora Princepe1, Marcus A M de Aguiar1

  • 1Departamento de Física da Matéria Condensada, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083859, Brasil.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial and nuclear gene coordination is key for cell function. This study reveals how genetic incompatibilities drive evolutionary changes, impacting species radiation and coevolution.

Keywords:
mito-nuclear coevolutionmitochondrial mutation ratemtDNA introgressionnuclear compensation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial function depends on coordinated nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression.
  • High mitochondrial mutation rates are tolerated via nuclear compensation mechanisms.
  • The prevalence and drivers of mito-nuclear compatibility remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of mito-nuclear incompatibilities on genetic substitutions during species radiation.
  • To model how selection for mito-nuclear coordination influences genomic evolution.
  • To understand the role of mitochondrial introgression in speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a population genetics model simulating species radiation from partially compatible mito-nuclear states.
  • Incorporated genetic compatibility, spatial proximity, and fecundity decline with incompatibilities.
  • Analyzed the effects of varying mitochondrial mutation rates and initial genomic states on evolutionary trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Selection for mito-nuclear compatibility differentially affects nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
  • Incompatible nuclear genes consistently promote compensatory mutations.
  • High mitochondrial mutation rates can decrease nuclear compensation but boost substitutions in compatible nuclear genes.
  • Mito-nuclear incompatibilities accelerate species radiation but do not directly correlate with equilibrium species richness.

Conclusions:

  • Mito-nuclear incompatibilities play a significant role in driving species radiation and coevolution.
  • The dynamics of nuclear compensation are complex and influenced by mutation rates and initial genomic compatibility.
  • Identifying specific genomic signatures is crucial for detecting these evolutionary processes.