Unveiling novel molecules and therapeutic targets in hypertension - A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pharmacology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Hypertension is a widespread non-communicable disease leading to severe cardiovascular issues like heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
• Current treatments targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway show limited efficacy in many patients, with some developing resistant hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore novel therapeutic approaches for hypertension targeting diverse pathways.
• To review mechanisms of new molecules in development and identify potential therapeutic targets.
• To discuss challenges and ethical considerations in hypertension therapeutics development.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical and clinical data on novel hypertension molecules.
• Analysis of emerging therapeutic targets including central nervous system, inflammatory, vascular, and baroreceptor pathways.
• Discussion of clinical translatability and long-term viability of new therapies.

Main Results:

• Novel therapeutic strategies are being developed to address hypertension through various mechanisms beyond conventional drugs.
• Emerging targets include central nervous system pathways, inflammatory mediators, vascular smooth muscle function, and baroreceptors.
• Each new therapy presents unique clinical and mechanistic challenges impacting its development and application.

Conclusions:

• Despite advancements, developing effective and viable hypertension therapeutics remains challenging.
• Further research into novel molecular mechanisms and targets is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
• Ethical considerations are paramount in the development and implementation of new hypertension treatments.