Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.1K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.7K
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

77.5K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
77.5K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

8.7K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
8.7K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

11.0K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
11.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Porous bioactive glass-based scaffolds containing CRT glass and hydroxyapatite: morphological and structural analysis (Part I).

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Microstructure and Properties of Surface Metal-Matrix Composite Reinforced with the Product of Vitrification of Asbestos-Cement Waste and CRT Glass Cullet.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Synchrotron XRF Imaging Reveals Manganese Accumulation in the Golgi and Post-Synapses of Neurons and Enhanced Uptake in Astrocytes.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

A new tunable 3D alveolospheres model from human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2) with reduced heterogeneity for studying cigarette smoke extract exposure.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Synapse-specific and plasticity-regulated AMPA receptor mobility tunes synaptic integration.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Placental Extracellular Vesicles Exhibit Reduced Neurogenic Potential Linked to Changes in Their miRNA Landscape Upon HCMV Infection.

Journal of extracellular biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System
04:47

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System

Published on: May 22, 2020

3.5K

LRRTM2 controls presynapse nano-organization and AMPA receptor sub-positioning through Neurexin-binding interface.

Konstantina Liouta1,2, Malgorzata Lubas1,2, Vasika Venugopal1,2

  • 1Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France.

Nature Communications
|October 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane protein 2 (LRRTM2) organizes excitatory synapses by interacting with Neurexins. This protein is crucial for synapse formation and function, impacting nanostructure and receptor positioning.

More Related Videos

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
10:34

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

7.6K
Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System
04:47

Measuring Transcellular Interactions through Protein Aggregation in a Heterologous Cell System

Published on: May 22, 2020

3.5K
A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
10:34

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

7.6K
Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synapses are organized into nanocolumns critical for synaptic transmission efficacy.
  • Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane protein 2 (LRRTM2) is a synapse-enriched protein that interacts with Neurexins.
  • The role of the LRRTM2-Neurexin binding interface in synapse formation and function remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating LRRTM2.
  • To elucidate the role of LRRTM2 in synapse organization and function.
  • To determine how LRRTM2 interacts with Neurexins to influence synaptic structure.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse model for LRRTM2.
  • Analysis of excitatory synapse formation and function in LRRTM2 cKO mice.
  • Investigation of LRRTM2 surface expression, synaptic clustering, and membrane dynamics.

Main Results:

  • LRRTM2 cKO specifically impairs excitatory synapse formation and function.
  • The C-terminal domain of LRRTM2 controls its surface expression, synaptic clustering, and membrane dynamics.
  • The N-terminal domain, via the Neurexin-binding interface, organizes presynaptic nanostructure and postsynaptic AMPAR positioning.

Conclusions:

  • LRRTM2 is essential for excitatory synapse formation and function.
  • LRRTM2 acts as a central organizer of both pre- and postsynaptic nanostructure.
  • Interaction with presynaptic Neurexins is a key mechanism by which LRRTM2 organizes synaptic nanostructure.