Magnetoelectric nanodiscs enable wireless transgene-free neuromodulation

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Materials Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a crucial tool in neuroscience but involves invasive electrode implantation.
• Less invasive neuromodulation techniques are needed to broaden the applications of brain stimulation.
• Nanomaterials offer potential for remote modulation by converting magnetic fields into electrical signals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) for efficient magnetoelectric coupling.
• To investigate the efficacy of MENDs in modulating neuronal activity via magnetic stimulation.
• To demonstrate the in vivo application of MENDs for remote behavioral control in mice.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis of core-double-shell Fe3O4-CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs).
• In vitro neuronal cultures were decorated with MENDs and stimulated with magnetic fields.
• In vivo studies involved injecting MENDs into specific brain regions (ventral tegmental area, subthalamic nucleus) of mice.
• Behavioral responses (reward, motor control) were monitored following magnetic stimulation.

Main Results:

• MENDs exhibited efficient magnetoelectric coupling and robust responses in decorated neurons.
• Magnetic stimulation of MENDs induced neuronal activity even with sub-threshold individual particle potentials.
• A model of repetitive subthreshold depolarization explained the observed in vitro and in vivo effects.
• Remote control of reward and motor behaviors was achieved in mice by stimulating MENDs in targeted brain areas.

Conclusions:

• Magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) provide a viable platform for remote, non-invasive neuromodulation.
• MENDs enable precise control over neuronal activity and complex behaviors via external magnetic fields.
• This technology holds promise for advancing neuroscience research and developing novel therapeutic strategies.