Effect of silver nanoparticles on donkey sperm parameters and ultrastructure

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Nanotechnology
• Veterinary science

Background:

• Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various applications.
• Their potential effects on animal reproductive cells require thorough investigation.
• Donkey sperm parameters are crucial for artificial insemination and conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of varying silver nanoparticle concentrations on donkey sperm parameters.
• To assess the ultrastructural changes in donkey sperm exposed to AgNPs.
• To determine the threshold concentration of AgNPs detrimental to sperm viability and function.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis and purification of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
• Exposure of frozen-thawed donkey sperm to AgNP concentrations (0–50 μg/mL).
• Assessment of sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, and morphology.
• Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructural analysis.

Main Results:

• Reduced sperm motility and acrosomal membrane integrity at AgNP concentrations ≥50 μg/mL (T0).
• Significantly decreased sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity at AgNP concentrations ≥25 μg/mL (T2).
• TEM revealed AgNP adhesion to the acrosomal region of sperm.

Conclusions:

• Silver nanoparticles at concentrations ≥25 μg/mL impair donkey sperm motility and membrane integrity.
• AgNP adhesion to the sperm surface may mediate these detrimental effects.
• These findings highlight potential risks of AgNPs in assisted reproductive technologies for donkeys.