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Surgical Closure of Multiple Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects in Children Using 3D-Printed Models.

Shalom Andugala1,2,3, Caroline Grant4, Jennifer Powell5

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|October 14, 2024
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Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing models improve surgical closure of multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in children. This technology aids in precise defect identification, ensuring safe and effective VSD repair with no residual defects observed.

Keywords:
multiplesurgerythree-dimensionalventricular septal defect

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) present significant surgical challenges due to difficulties in visualization and access.
  • Intraoperative identification of all VSDs is critical to prevent residual defects, a common complication.
  • Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed models offer a solution for accurate intracardiac anatomy demonstration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using patient-specific 3D printed models in the surgical closure of multiple muscular VSDs.
  • To assess the impact of 3D printing on intraoperative planning and defect identification.
  • To determine the feasibility of this technology in pediatric patients with complex VSDs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data collection of patients with multiple VSDs undergoing surgery with 3D model assistance (September 2021 - July 2023).
  • Generation of patient-specific 3D models from preoperative CT scans for precise VSD localization and surgical planning.
  • Surgical closure of VSDs utilizing the insights gained from the 3D printed models.

Main Results:

  • Six pediatric patients with multiple VSDs successfully underwent surgical closure with 3D model guidance.
  • No postoperative heart block or hemodynamically significant residual VSDs were reported.
  • All patients exhibited normal biventricular function at a median follow-up of 1.7 months.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional printing is a safe, reliable, and reproducible tool for surgical closure of multiple muscular VSDs in children.
  • Incorporating 3D printing into surgical practice can enhance the management of complex VSD cases.
  • This technology aids surgeons in overcoming the challenges associated with multiple VSD repair.