Reproducible high-quality perovskite single crystals by flux-regulated crystallization with a feedback loop

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Crystallography
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Controlling linear growth rate is vital for single crystal quality but challenging due to complex crystallization kinetics.
• Existing methods struggle to manage multiple interdependent growth parameters simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a novel flux-regulated crystallization (FRC) method for direct monitoring and feedback control of linear growth rate.
• To demonstrate the FRC method's efficacy in synthesizing high-quality metal halide perovskite single crystals.

Main Methods:

• Development and application of the flux-regulated crystallization (FRC) technique.
• Direct monitoring and feedback control of the linear growth rate during crystal synthesis.
• Synthesis of centimeter-scale CH3NH3PbBr3 and CsPbBr3 single crystals.

Main Results:

• The FRC method successfully maintained a stable linear growth rate for over 40 hours.
• Achieved outstanding crystal quality with a full width at half-maximum of 15.3 arcsec in X-ray rocking curves.
• Produced centimeter-scale single crystals of metal halide perovskites.

Conclusions:

• The FRC method offers a reliable platform for synthesizing high-quality single crystals.
• This approach simplifies crystal growth by focusing on a single critical parameter: linear growth rate.
• Enables systematic exploration of crystallization conditions and understanding of influencing factors for commercialization.