Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Published on: June 16, 2020
Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features: Aiming to Define, Refine, and Treat
Elena K Joerns1, Jeffrey A Sparks2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
Abstract:
Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) was defined for research purposes as interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with features of autoimmunity without diagnosed rheumatic disease. Since publication of the IPAF criteria in 2015, there have been multiple studies of IPAF. However, much remains unknown regarding pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment in IPAF. This narrative review details the history and classification of IPAF, lists challenges associated with classifying patients as IPAF, and explores the prevalence, epidemiology and presentation of IPAF. We also examine prognosis and important features determining IPAF clinical course, outline pathogenesis, and review treatment strategies.
Related Concept Videos
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Autoimmune Disorders
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

