Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA Mutation: Mitochondrial Genome Editing in Atherosclerosis Research

Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to various cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Within the mitochondrial genome, specific mutations have been implicated in contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. Atherosclerosis-associated m.15059G>A mutation has been of particular interest due to its potential role in altering mitochondrial function and cellular health.

This study aims to investigate the role of the atherosclerosis-associated m.15059G>A mutation in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in monocytelike cells.

Monocyte-like cytoplasmic hybrid cell line TC-HSMAM1, which contains the m.15059G>A mutation in mtDNA, was used. The MitoCas9 vector was utilized to eliminate mtDNA copies carrying the m.15059G>A mutation from TC-HSMAM1 cybrids. Mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using flow cytometry. Cellular reduced glutathione levels were assessed using the confocal microscopy. The oxygen consumption rate was measured using polarographic oxygen respirometry.

The elimination of the m.15059G>A mutation resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and improved mitochondrial efficiency while also causing a decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, as well as cellular bioenergetic parameters, such as proton leak and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. At the same time, no changes were found in the intracellular antioxidant system after the mitochondrial genome editing.

The presence of the m.15059G>A mutation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and altering mitochondrial bioenergetics. Elimination of the mtDNA containing atherogenic mutation leads to an improvement in mitochondrial function.