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Biological existence from medicalisation to biomedicalization.

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  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

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Summary

Medicalisation, starting in the 18th century, used health for social control and workforce preservation. Modern biomedicalisation shifts focus to transforming inner human nature for social norm alignment.

Keywords:
Medicalisationbiomedicalisationbiopolitics

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Medicine
  • History of Science
  • Biopolitics

Background:

  • The 18th century saw the rise of the bourgeoisie, emphasizing health as a right and a component of national wealth.
  • Biopolitics emerged as a new form of governance, utilizing medicine to shape behaviors conducive to social productivity.
  • The focus shifted from legal administration to therapeutic intervention for social norm reintegration.

Observation:

  • Maintaining a healthy workforce is crucial for governing a population.
  • Health became a tool to establish behaviors valuable for economic preservation.
  • Genetic engineering and biomedicine have redefined medicalization.

Findings:

  • Medicalisation evolved into biomedicalisation, shifting from external nature control to internal nature transformation.
  • Biomedicalisation aims to optimize individuals for social norms.
  • This optimization allows individuals to express themselves naturally within societal expectations.

Implications:

  • Biomedicalisation represents a significant paradigm shift in the relationship between medicine, power, and the individual.
  • Understanding this evolution is key to analyzing contemporary health policies and social control mechanisms.
  • The concept of 'inner nature' transformation raises ethical considerations regarding human autonomy and societal pressures.