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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
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Increasing Movement Amplitude in Speeded Hitting Enhances Contact Velocity Without Affecting Directional Accuracy or

Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki1, Luis Augusto Teixeira2

  • 1Laboratório de Neurociências Motoras, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.

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Summary

Increasing movement amplitude in ballistic hitting tasks enhances contact velocity but does not impact directional accuracy or movement variability. This finding is relevant for optimizing sports performance.

Keywords:
aimingconsistencyfast movementsjoint kinematicsspeed-accuracy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Sport-related ballistic skills, such as hitting a ball in golf or baseball, demand rapid and precise movements.
  • Optimizing these skills requires understanding how movement parameters influence performance outcomes like speed and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying movement amplitudes on directional accuracy during a ballistic hitting task.
  • To analyze the kinematic changes associated with different movement amplitudes in a hitting action.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a ballistic hitting task using a manual handle to propel a disc towards a target.
  • Five distinct movement amplitudes (11.5 cm to 27.5 cm) were tested.
  • Kinematic analysis was employed to assess the motion of the handle, disc, and upper limb joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist).

Main Results:

  • Larger movement amplitudes resulted in extended acceleration phases and delayed peak velocities at the handle and arm joints.
  • Increased movement amplitudes led to higher contact and peak linear velocities of the handle, along with greater angular velocities at the shoulder and elbow.
  • No significant effects of movement amplitude were observed on the directional accuracy or variability of the propelled disc.
  • Variability in contact velocity, peak velocity, and time of peak velocity remained consistent across different movement amplitudes for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.

Conclusions:

  • Greater movement amplitudes in ballistic hitting tasks increase the velocity of the impact.
  • Movement amplitude does not appear to be a critical factor influencing the directional accuracy or consistency of the hit.
  • These findings suggest that coaches and athletes can focus on other parameters to improve accuracy while potentially leveraging larger amplitudes for increased power.