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Updated: Jun 10, 2025
The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited
Published on: February 16, 2022
Primary Stapedectomy: A Retrospective Review of Surgical Results Using a Cold Steel Technique and Pre-Operative CT
Thomas J Hudson1,2, Tamara Mijovic2, Jamie M Rappaport1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Importance:
Stapedectomy is an effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic otosclerosis. A common surgical technique today is laser stapedotomy, although the equipment required adds a significant cost to the procedure and may not be available in certain, particularly remote, centers. This study aimed to evaluate cold steel stapedectomy in a modern otology practice as a cost-effective and versatile alternative.
Objective:
The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cold steel stapedectomy. The secondary objectives included characterizing the prevalence of relevant computed tomography (CT) findings and evaluating other factors such as piston size.
Design:
A retrospective case series from April 2006 to November 2021.
Setting:
A single tertiary care hospital in Montreal, QC, Canada.
Participants:
Patients with suspected otosclerosis and no prior stapes surgery.
Intervention:
Cold steel primary stapedectomy.
Main Outcome Measures:
In primary analysis, change in pure tone thresholds, pure tone average (PTA), and complication rates were obtained. Secondary analysis measures included rates of relevant CT findings and change in PTA with piston size.
Results:
A total of 302 cases were included in the analysis. The average change in air conduction PTA was a decrease of 27 dB, with 91% (276/302) having over 10 dB of improvement. The air-bone gap was closed to within 10 dB in 82% (248/302) of cases and within 20 dB in 96% (290/302) of cases. Overclosure occurred in 19% of cases, while only 4% resulted in worsened PTA bone conduction thresholds. In secondary analysis, 74% of CT scans demonstrated radiologic otosclerosis. Other findings included suspected superior semicircular canal dehiscence in 1.8%.
Conclusion:
Cold steel stapedectomy was demonstrated to be a safe and effective technique, with audiometric results comparable to laser and drill studies in recent literature. It should be considered as a cost-effective and global health accessible alternative. Additionally, CT scans can provide valuable information in the pre-operative workup.
