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Contrasting Genomic Diversity and Inbreeding Levels Among Two Closely Related Falcon Species With Overlapping

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Genomic diversity is lower in Orange-breasted Falcons than Bat Falcons, indicating distinct demographic histories. This impacts conservation strategies for these related falcon species.

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adaptive potentialdemographic historydrift loadeffective population sizeinbreedinginbreeding loadloss‐of‐functionruns of homozygosity

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation genomics
  • Population genetics
  • Avian biology

Background:

  • Genomic resources aid in understanding species' demographic histories.
  • Conservation efforts benefit from insights into population trends and genetic diversity.
  • The Orange-breasted Falcon (Falco deiroleucus) is near-threatened, while the Bat Falcon (F. rufigularis) is more common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare genome-wide variation and population trends between Orange-breasted Falcons and Bat Falcons.
  • To investigate how contrasting long-term demographic histories influence genomic diversity in these sister species.
  • To inform conservation and management strategies for threatened avian species.

Main Methods:

  • Whole genome resequencing data generated for 12 Orange-breasted Falcons and 9 Bat Falcons.
  • Sequence data aligned to an annotated Gyrfalcon (F. rusticolus) reference genome.
  • Analysis of approximately 22.4 million biallelic autosomal SNPs (chromosomes 1-22).

Main Results:

  • Orange-breasted Falcons exhibit significantly lower genomic diversity and higher inbreeding compared to Bat Falcons.
  • Runs of homozygosity suggest long-term low population size and potential bottlenecks in Orange-breasted Falcons.
  • Orange-breasted Falcons have reduced inbreeding load but face risks from deleterious gene variant fixation and potentially reduced adaptive potential.

Conclusions:

  • Contrasting historical demography has shaped the current genomic diversity of Orange-breasted and Bat Falcons.
  • Differences in genomic diversity necessitate distinct conservation approaches for each species.
  • Genomic insights are crucial for effective management of threatened and related avian populations.