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Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
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Dynamics of morphogen source formation in a growing tissue.

Richard D J G Ho1,2, Kasumi Kishi3, Maciej Majka1

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics and Mark Kac Center for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

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Morphogen regulation is crucial for organ development. This study reveals how Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the neural tube establishes floor plate size through rapid Shh response and subsequent growth-dependent scaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Systems biology
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Precise regulation of morphogen production is essential for establishing morphogen gradients and ensuring reproducible organ development.
  • The biophysical mechanisms underlying morphogen source formation, particularly for signaling molecules like Sonic hedgehog (Shh), remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biophysical mechanisms governing the formation of the floor plate, a key Shh-producing domain in the vertebrate neural tube.
  • To elucidate how floor plate size is established and scaled during neural tube development.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a data-constrained computational screening approach to identify plausible mechanisms for floor plate formation.
  • Focused on the interplay between notochord-derived Shh signaling and internal regulatory dynamics within the neural tube.

Main Results:

  • Identified a specific mechanism where the floor plate is rapidly established via Shh from the notochord and internal regulatory interactions.
  • Demonstrated that uniform activators and Shh-dependent repressors are critical for initial floor plate size determination.
  • Showed that subsequent growth-driven expansion, independent of Shh, leads to scaling of the floor plate and Shh amplitude with neural tube size.

Conclusions:

  • The floor plate formation involves a separation of timescales: rapid initial establishment followed by growth-dependent scaling.
  • This mechanism ensures appropriate Shh gradient amplitude scaling in a growing organ, suggesting a common developmental strategy.
  • The developed computational model offers a platform for quantitative investigations into morphogen source formation in developing tissues.