Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

49.7K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
49.7K
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

31.0K
In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
31.0K
Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

21
Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
21
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

38.9K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
38.9K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Forgiveness updates interpersonal memories to be less negative.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Neural similarity predicts whether strangers become friends.

Nature human behaviour·2025
Same author

Reply to Izuma and Kakinuma: Conversation aligns self-views above and beyond noise reduction.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Capturing the College Experience: A Four-Year Mobile Sensing Study of Mental Health, Resilience and Behavior of College Students during the Pandemic.

Proceedings of the ACM on interactive, mobile, wearable and ubiquitous technologies·2024
Same author

Consensus-building conversation leads to neural alignment.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Loneliness corresponds with neural representations and language use that deviate from shared cultural perceptions.

Communications psychology·2024
Same journal

In This Issue.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Long-term cultural continuity across the Neanderthal-modern human sequence at Üçağızlı II Cave, northern Levant.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Dolphins use names to remember whom to avoid.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Retraction for Shaked and Frenkel, Curiouser and curiouser: Meningeal lymphoid structures in the aging brain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Small but mighty: The outsized role of small water bodies in the global carbon cycle.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Functional traits produce conditional outcomes in different community contexts.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.2K

Self-views converge during enjoyable conversations.

Christopher Welker1, Thalia Wheatley1,2, Grace Cason1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People's self-views become more aligned after conversations. Greater alignment leads to increased enjoyment and desire for future interactions, showing self-views are coauthored through dialogue.

Keywords:
conversationhomophilyselfself-perceptionsocial cognition

More Related Videos

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

4.1K
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.2K
Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

4.1K
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
08:01

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

Published on: October 28, 2020

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Communication Studies
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Existing research highlights how one person's expectations influence another's self-views.
  • The reciprocal nature of conversations suggests mutual influence on self-perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether conversation partners' self-views mutually evolve during dialogue.
  • To explore the concept of "inter-self alignment" in conversational settings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four-person round-robin conversation networks.
  • Measured participants' self-views before and after conversations.
  • Analyzed the degree of similarity in self-views between partners.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited increased self-view similarity post-conversation compared to pre-conversation (inter-self alignment).
  • Higher levels of self-view alignment correlated with greater conversational enjoyment.
  • Alignment between partners was a prerequisite for increased enjoyment and willingness to interact again.

Conclusions:

  • Self-views are coauthored and mutually shaped within the dynamic process of dialogue.
  • The development of shared self-views enhances conversational satisfaction and promotes continued interaction.