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Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Published on: February 6, 2021
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Risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis in infectious endocarditis patients.
Megh K Shah1, Aretha Zhu1, Aditya Uppuluri1
1Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Eye (London, England)
|October 14, 2024
Summary
Older age and Hispanic or Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity increase the risk of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Conditions like diabetes, alcohol use disorder, and cirrhosis also raise EE risk, while heart failure and arrhythmias decrease it.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
Background:
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection affecting heart valves.
- Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a severe intraocular infection that can lead to vision loss.
- Identifying risk factors for EE in IE patients is crucial for early detection and intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify demographic factors associated with increased risk of developing endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE).
- To determine systemic comorbidities that may elevate the risk of EE development among IE patients.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2002 to 2014.
- Identification of patients with IE and EE using ICD-9-CM codes.
- Statistical analysis, including chi-square and logistic regression, to identify risk factors for EE in IE patients.
Main Results:
- Among 769,472 IE patients, 2,248 (0.29%) also had EE.
- Increased risk of EE was observed in patients aged 21-64 (OR, 3.660) and 65+ (OR, 2.852) compared to the 0-20 age group.
- Hispanic (OR, 1.377) and Asian/Pacific Islander (OR, 1.620) patients faced higher EE risk than White patients. Diabetes (with/without complications), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and cirrhosis were associated with increased EE risk (ORs 1.433-2.043).
- Conversely, congestive heart failure (CHF; OR, 0.716), arrhythmia (OR, 0.678), and cardiac devices (OR, 0.336) were linked to decreased EE risk.
Conclusions:
- Older age (21+ years) and Hispanic/Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity are significant risk factors for EE in IE patients.
- Diabetes (with or without chronic complications), AUD, and cirrhosis substantially increase EE risk (1.5-2 times).
- CHF, arrhythmias, and the presence of cardiac devices appear to have a protective effect, reducing EE risk in IE patients.
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