Crystal Form-Dependent MnS for Diabetic Wound Healing: Performance and Mechanistic Insights

Area of Science:

• Inorganic nanomedicine
• Materials science
• Biomedical engineering

Background:

• Pharmaceutical biotransformation and crystal form impact are known, but less studied in inorganic nanomedicine.
• Crystal form influences the transformation, activity, and biomechanism of nanomaterials.
• Manganese sulfide (MnS) shows potential for wound healing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the distinct performances of alpha-MnS and gamma-MnS crystal forms in bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing.
• To elucidate the role of crystal form-dependent transformation and solubility on MnS activity.
• To understand the biomechanism of MnS in promoting wound healing.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of alpha-MnS and gamma-MnS in a bacteria-infected diabetic wound model.
• Assessment of MnS transformation products (MnxOy, H2S, Mn2+) in wound environments.
• Evaluation of MnS effects on bacterial inhibition, collagen I and VEGF production, and macrophage polarization (M1 to M2).

Main Results:

• Gamma-MnS exhibits higher conversion efficiency to MnxOy and greater solubility, producing more Mn2+ than alpha-MnS.
• MnS, particularly gamma-MnS, shows superior bacteriostatic properties.
• MnS promotes collagen I and VEGF production, facilitates M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, and aids extracellular matrix remodeling.

Conclusions:

• The crystal form of MnS critically dictates its solubility and transformation efficiency.
• These crystal form-dependent properties directly influence the therapeutic efficacy of MnS in diabetic wound healing.
• Gamma-MnS is a more promising candidate than alpha-MnS for treating infected diabetic wounds due to its superior performance and biomechanism.