Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents: Examining Preliminary Pretreatment Expectations and Preferences

Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) is an evidence-based treatment for adolescents with multiple emotional and behavioral problems. Research has demonstrated the posttreatment acceptability of DBT-A by parents and adolescents. However, no study has systematically explored the expectations and preferences of adolescents before beginning DBT-A treatment. The goals of this study were to investigate adolescents' pretreatment expectations for DBT-A by developing the Adolescent Expectancies for Therapy Scale (AETS), adapted from the Parent Expectancies for Therapy Scale, and to explore their preferences regarding treatment delivery format.

Participants were 21 adolescents (ages 13-18) with varying race-ethnicities who were referred for DBT-A in either a group private practice or a community mental health clinic. Participants completed the AETS and the Preferences Rating Form, which examined the extent to which participants preferred each of seven treatment modifications or preferred to keep DBT-A as is.

Findings indicated that, before beginning DBT-A, adolescents had moderate expectations for the outcome and process of the therapy, and approximately half reported that they preferred to be separate from their parents during multifamily skills group sessions (for at least part of the time) and to add weekly teen-only support groups to DBT-A. The AETS had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.88).

Understanding adolescents' pretreatment expectations and preferences for the format in which DBT-A is delivered can help clinicians better engage adolescents during the intake and orientation process.