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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Shaping hematopoietic cell ecosystems through galectin-glycan interactions.

Mirta Schattner1, Bethan Psaila2, Gabriel A Rabinovich3

  • 1Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental e Inmunobiología de la Inflamación, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.

Seminars in Immunology
|October 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, are crucial for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) and immune system development. Dysregulation of galectin pathways can lead to various blood disorders.

Keywords:
Bone marrowGalectinsGlycoimmunologyHematopoiesisPeripheral TissuesThymus

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Area of Science:

  • * Hematology and Immunology
  • * Molecular and Cellular Biology

Background:

  • * Hematopoiesis, the continuous production of blood cells, relies on complex cellular communication.
  • * Galectins, a conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, are increasingly recognized for their roles in cellular interactions.
  • * These proteins mediate critical processes like cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the multifaceted roles of galectins in hematopoiesis.
  • * To highlight galectin involvement in immune cell development and other blood cell lineages.
  • * To discuss galectin-1's pathogenic role and therapeutic potential in myelofibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review and synthesis of existing research on galectins in hematopoiesis.
  • * Analysis of studies focusing on galectin function in B and T lymphocyte development.
  • * Examination of galectin contributions to myelopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and megakaryopoiesis.

Main Results:

  • * Galectins are integral to establishing and remodeling hematopoietic stem cell niches.
  • * They significantly influence lymphocyte development, selection, and various aspects of myelopoiesis.
  • * Galectin-1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in myelofibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • * Galectins, through intra- and extracellular mechanisms, critically regulate hematopoietic progenitor fate and blood cell repertoire.
  • * Their influence extends to vital processes including immunity, tissue repair, and oxygen delivery.
  • * Aberrant galectin activity is implicated in diverse blood cell disorders, underscoring their clinical relevance.