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Relationship between subjective cognitive functioning and fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities in bipolar
Ivan J Torres1,2, Sylvia Mackala1, Sharon Ahn1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|October 16, 2024
Summary
Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) base their subjective cognitive complaints on fluid cognitive abilities, not crystallized ones. These self-assessments of cognitive function are linked to poorer daily functioning and quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Neuropsychology
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) often exhibit discrepancies between their subjective perception and objective performance in cognitive tasks.
- The specific cognitive information used for self-appraisal in BD remains unclear, impacting understanding of metacognitive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether subjective cognitive ratings in bipolar disorder are associated with crystallized or fluid cognitive abilities.
- To determine the relationship between cognitive self-appraisals and daily functioning, and quality of life in BD.
Main Methods:
- Eighty participants with BD and 55 controls completed cognitive tests measuring crystallized and fluid abilities.
- Subjective cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), alongside measures of daily functioning and quality of life.
Main Results:
- Participants with BD reported significantly more cognitive complaints than controls.
- In the BD group, subjective complaints correlated with fluid cognitive abilities (memory, executive function) but not crystallized abilities.
- Higher cognitive complaints predicted poorer psychosocial outcomes, even after accounting for objective cognition and depression.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive self-reports in BD may reflect metacognitive difficulties, with self-appraisals influenced by perceived weaknesses.
- Negative self-assessments of cognition are associated with impaired daily functioning and reduced quality of life in individuals with bipolar disorder.
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