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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

410
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
410
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

984
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
984
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

587
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
587
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

196
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
196
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

417
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
417
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

371
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
371

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
05:43

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow

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Topical anesthesia strabismus surgery.

Manjushree Bhate1, Akshay Badakere2, Craig Donaldson3

  • 1Faculty Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

Strabismus
|October 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topical anesthesia for strabismus surgery is effective in select adult patients, particularly those with smaller deviations or single-eye procedures. Careful patient selection and cooperation are key to successful outcomes.

Keywords:
Adjustable sutureslidocaine eyedropstopical anesthesia strabismus surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Surgical Anesthesia

Background:

  • Topical anesthesia is utilized in specific adult strabismus surgery cases.
  • Successful outcomes depend on meticulous patient selection and intraoperative cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and define the role of topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery based on existing evidence.
  • To identify suitable candidates and evaluate the technique's benefits and limitations.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted on topical anesthesia for strabismus surgery.
  • Key aspects evaluated included pre-operative considerations, anesthetic timing, surgical nuances, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ideal candidates have smaller angle deviations, undergo single-eye surgery, or have no prior strabismus surgery.
  • The technique allows for adjustable sutures with single-stage adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Topical anesthesia is a viable option for specific adult strabismus surgery scenarios.
  • Pre-operative assessment, including the force duction test, is crucial for patient selection and comfort.