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How combined pairwise and higher-order interactions shape transient dynamics.

Sourin Chatterjee1,2, Sayantan Nag Chowdhury3,4,5

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Higher-order interactions (HOIs) accelerate ecosystem stabilization, significantly reducing transient times. This contrasts with pairwise interactions, which slow down recovery, highlighting HOIs

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biodiversity
  • Ecological Stability

Background:

  • Understanding species interactions is key to biodiversity.
  • Transient dynamics, or ecosystem adjustment periods after disturbances, are critical for predicting ecological responses and conservation.
  • Existing models often simplify interactions, limiting realistic ecosystem representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel model integrating pairwise and higher-order interactions (HOIs) for a more realistic ecological perspective.
  • To investigate the impact of HOIs on the speed of ecosystem stabilization during transient dynamics.
  • To explore the relationship between system eigenvalues and transient times for predicting ecosystem resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model using convex combinations to merge pairwise and higher-order interactions.
  • Applied global stability analysis and numerical simulations to assess transient dynamics.
  • Analyzed the correlation between the Jacobian matrix's leading eigenvalue and mean transient times.

Main Results:

  • Higher-order interactions (HOIs) significantly reduce mean transient times, accelerating ecosystem stabilization.
  • Pairwise interactions were found to slow the convergence toward stability.
  • A strong negative correlation exists between the leading eigenvalue's real part and mean transient times, indicating faster recovery with more negative eigenvalues.

Conclusions:

  • HOIs play a crucial role in enhancing biodiversity stabilization and ecosystem resilience.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and predicting ecosystem recovery rates.
  • Findings are vital for advancing ecological theory and informing effective conservation strategies for transient dynamics.