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Association between serum IgM and all-cause mortality risk in Chinese centenarians: a prospective cohort study
Weiguang Zhang1,2, Yuting Duan3, Zhe Li4
1Department of Nephrology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Academician Chen Xiangmei of Hainan Province Kidney Diseases Research Team Innovation Center, Sanya, 572013, China.
Insights
Low serum IgM levels in centenarians are linked to a higher risk of death. This finding suggests that immunoglobulin M (IgM) can serve as an independent predictor of mortality in the oldest populations.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Immunology
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Investigated associations between immunoglobulin levels (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE) and all-cause mortality risk.
- Focused on a cohort of Chinese centenarians.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if serum immunoglobulin levels predict mortality risk in centenarians.
- To identify potential biomarkers for longevity and mortality in extreme aging.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study.
- Categorized participants into quartiles based on IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE levels.
- Employed restricted cubic spline, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier analyses.
Main Results:
- Included 906 centenarians (median age 102 years); 92.5% died during follow-up.
- Found a nonlinear "L"-shaped relationship between serum IgM and mortality.
- Lowest IgM quartile (<0.708 g/L) associated with 36.5% higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.365).
- Lower IgM levels correlated with significantly shorter median survival time (26 vs. 32 months).
Conclusions:
- Serum IgM levels significantly correlate with mortality risk in centenarians.
- Serum IgM is a suitable and independent predictor of death risk in the centenarian population.
Background:
We investigated the associations between IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE levels and all-cause mortality risk in Chinese centenarians.
Methods:
All participants were from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. Eligible participants were divided into quartiles based on their IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE levels. We used restricted cubic spline analyses, Cox regression analyses, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves to analyze associations between IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE and all-cause mortality risk.
Results:
A total of 906 centenarian participants were included in this study (81.2% female; median age, 102 years). During a median follow-up of 30.1 months, 838 (92.5%) participants died. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship ("L" type) between serum IgM level and all-cause mortality. Compared with the higher three quartiles of serum IgM level, the lowest quartile was associated with a higher risk of death (Q1 versus Q2-Q4: HR, 1.365; 95% CI, 1.166-1.598; P < 0.001). Among individuals for whom IgM < 0.708 g/L (Q1), the risk of all-cause mortality was 36.5% higher. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that centenarians with lower serum IgM levels had significantly shorter median survival time (Q1 versus Q2-Q4: 26 months versus 32 months, log-rank P = 0.001).
Conclusion:
Serum IgM levels in centenarians significantly correlated with the risk of death, suggesting that they are suitable for predicting the overall risk of death in centenarians and can be used as an independent predictor of death.
