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Smoking and Its Impact on Orthodontic Treatment/Management Modalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mohammad Khursheed Alam1,2,3, Haifa Ali Almutairi4, Rowida Saleh Barayan5
1Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Iranian Journal of Public Health
|October 17, 2024
Summary
Cigarette smoking negatively impacts orthodontic treatment and appliances, increasing risks by 50%. More research is needed to confirm these findings on smoking and dental care effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Dental Materials Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Cigarette smoking is a prevalent habit with known systemic health implications.
- The effect of smoking on the integrity and performance of orthodontic appliances is not well-understood.
- Assessing smoking's impact is crucial for optimizing orthodontic treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing literature on the effects of cigarette smoking on orthodontic treatment.
- To determine if smoke exposure compromises orthodontic appliances and treatment efficacy.
- To identify gaps in current research regarding smoking and orthodontic care.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.
- Searches included articles published between 2008 and 2022, using relevant keywords, reference, and citation tracking.
- The PRISMA protocol guided the study selection and data extraction process, ultimately including 7 papers.
Main Results:
- Pooled analysis of 7 studies revealed significant detrimental associations between smoking and orthodontic appliances.
- The odds ratio (OR) for smoking's impact was 0.25, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.50, indicating increased risks.
- High statistical significance was observed across measures (P<0.00001), but high heterogeneity (I² > 79%) suggests considerable variability.
Conclusions:
- The reviewed studies consistently show negative effects of smoking on orthodontic appliances and treatment modalities.
- Current evidence suggests a detrimental link, but the literature is sparse and lacks robust data.
- Further high-quality research is essential to solidify the understanding of smoking's impact on orthodontic treatment success.
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