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Exponentially tighter bounds on limitations of quantum error mitigation
Yihui Quek1,2, Daniel Stilck França1,3,4, Sumeet Khatri1
1Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Nature Physics
|October 17, 2024
Summary
Quantum error mitigation faces limitations for larger systems. Estimating noiseless values requires many samples, even at shallow circuit depths, due to noise-induced scrambling.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Information Science
Background:
- Quantum error mitigation aims to reduce noise in near-term quantum computers.
- Current methods show success but have resource limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify limitations of quantum error mitigation for larger systems.
- To rigorously analyze existing error mitigation schemes.
Main Methods:
- Framing error mitigation as a statistical inference problem.
- Analyzing the sample complexity for estimating noiseless observables.
Main Results:
- Superpolynomial samples are needed in worst-case scenarios, even at shallow circuit depths.
- Noise-induced scrambling can occur at exponentially smaller depths than previously expected.
- Noise impacts quantum machine learning and variational quantum algorithms.
Conclusions:
- Quantum error mitigation has fundamental limitations for scaling.
- Noise poses significant challenges for near-term quantum applications and achieving quantum speedups.
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