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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
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The IGF System and Aging.

Cheryl A Conover1, Claus Oxvig2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Endocrine Reviews
|October 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays a key role in aging. Understanding the complex IGF system offers potential targets for promoting healthy aging and treating age-related diseases.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseage-related macular degenerationaginginsulin-like growth factorspulmonary fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is integral to aging processes.
  • The extracellular IGF system is intricate, involving multiple interacting components.
  • Evolutionary conservation highlights the significance of the IGF system in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components of the IGF system.
  • To discuss the relationship between IGF signaling and aging.
  • To explore IGF's role in cellular senescence, aging models, centenarian genetics, and age-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of past and current research on IGF and aging.
  • Focus on cellular senescence, aging model organisms, and centenarian genetics.
  • Analysis of IGF system involvement in pulmonary fibrosis, Alzheimer disease, and macular degeneration in human and murine models.

Main Results:

  • IGF signaling components are conserved across species, indicating fundamental roles.
  • The IGF system is implicated in cellular senescence and various aging phenotypes.
  • Common mechanisms link IGF system dysregulation to age-related diseases like Alzheimer's and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • The complex IGF system presents potential therapeutic targets for healthy aging.
  • Understanding IGF system dynamics can inform strategies against age-related pathologies.
  • Targeting IGF pathways may offer novel approaches to mitigate age-related disease progression.