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AI can help humans find common ground in democratic deliberation
Michael Henry Tessler1, Michiel A Bakker1, Daniel Jarrett1
1Google DeepMind, London, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 17, 2024
Summary
An artificial intelligence (AI) mediator was trained to facilitate group discussions, generating statements that participants found more informative and unbiased than human-written ones. This AI approach helps groups find common ground and converge on shared perspectives more effectively.
Area of Science:
- Computational Social Science
- Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Collective deliberation is crucial for democratic societies but faces challenges in scalability, efficiency, and equitable participation.
- Traditional mediation methods can be slow and may not fully capture diverse viewpoints.
- Developing AI tools to enhance group communication and consensus-building is an emerging area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To train an artificial intelligence (AI) system to act as a mediator in human group deliberations.
- To assess the effectiveness of AI-mediated deliberation in generating common ground statements.
- To evaluate participant preference and perceived quality of AI-generated statements compared to human-generated ones.
Main Methods:
- Trained an AI to iteratively generate and refine statements expressing common ground based on participants' opinions and critiques.
- Collected data from 5734 participants engaging in AI-mediated deliberation on social or political issues.
- Analyzed participant ratings of AI-generated statements for informativeness, clarity, and bias.
- Utilized text embeddings to analyze the linguistic properties of successful group statements.
Main Results:
- Participants (N = 5734) significantly preferred AI-generated statements, rating them as more informative, clear, and unbiased compared to human-mediated statements.
- AI-mediated deliberation led to discussants updating their views and converging on shared perspectives.
- Text embeddings indicated that effective group statements integrated dissenting opinions while acknowledging the majority viewpoint.
- Findings were successfully replicated in a virtual citizens' assembly with a demographically representative UK sample.
Conclusions:
- AI can effectively mediate human deliberation, enhancing the process of finding common ground on complex issues.
- AI-generated statements are perceived as superior in quality (informative, clear, unbiased) by participants.
- AI mediation shows potential for improving large-scale public discourse and consensus-building, as demonstrated in a representative citizens' assembly.
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