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Parental incarceration and adolescent food insecurity
Luke Muentner1, C Blair Burnette2, Rebecca Shlafer3
1Corrections and Reentry Research Program, RTI International.
Summary
Parental incarceration significantly increases children's risk of food insecurity (FI). This is especially true for youth of color and those living with the incarcerated parent, highlighting policy implications for food access.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Child Development
Background:
- Parental incarceration (PI) is causally linked to childhood food insecurity (FI).
- Public assistance programs like SNAP can be revoked due to incarceration, impacting children's food access.
- Gaps exist in understanding FI prevalence among children with incarcerated parents, considering factors like coresidence, race, and region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the prevalence of food insecurity among adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents.
- To investigate the influence of parent-child coresidence, race/ethnicity, and geographic region on food insecurity in the context of parental incarceration.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 112,554 adolescents).
- Collected self-reported data on parental incarceration experiences, parent-child coresidence, past-month food insecurity, and race/ethnicity.
- Classified geographic regions as city, suburb, town, or rural based on school districts.
Main Results:
- Adolescents with currently and formerly incarcerated parents reported substantially higher rates of food insecurity (18.11% and 10.41%) compared to those with no parental incarceration history (2.84%).
- Among youth with currently incarcerated parents, food insecurity was more prevalent in those who lived with the parent during incarceration (21.79%) versus those who did not (13.98%).
- Youth of color and adolescents residing in city regions were disproportionately affected by food insecurity in relation to parental incarceration.
Conclusions:
- Reinforces the connection between parental incarceration and increased child food insecurity.
- Highlights concerns regarding heightened risk for chronic health conditions due to food insecurity, potentially exacerbated by trauma and systemic inequities.
- Suggests policy recommendations focused on expanding, not restricting, food access and financial assistance for affected families.
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