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BCG-osis: a complication after intravesical BCG immunotherapy
Crisanta Simon1, Ushani Jeyasinghe2, Bethel Shiferaw3
1Department of Medicine, Saint Marys Hospital Graduate Medical Education, Waterbury, Connecticut, USA crisantasimon@hotmail.com.
BMJ Case Reports
|October 17, 2024
Summary
Live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) is a standard bladder cancer treatment. This case highlights rare disseminated BCG (BCG-osis), a serious complication, emphasizing risk factors and management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Infectious Disease
Background:
- Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.
- BCG works by stimulating an immune response against cancer cells within the bladder.
Observation:
- This case report details a rare complication of disseminated BCG infection (BCG-osis).
- Risk factors for BCG-osis include immunocompromised status, advanced age (>70 years), and traumatic catheterization during treatment.
Findings:
- Diagnosis of BCG-osis can be established with or without microbiological confirmation.
- Management involves a multidrug therapeutic regimen.
Implications:
- Recognizing the signs and symptoms of BCG-osis is crucial for timely intervention.
- Future BCG instillations should be postponed following traumatic catheterization and discontinued if disseminated infection occurs.
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