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Nanomedicine Therapies for Pediatric Diseases
Shicheng Yang1, Kushi Aggarwal2, Jillian Jurczyszak3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Insights
Nanomedicines offer improved drug delivery for pediatric diseases, overcoming limitations of traditional treatments. This approach enhances drug properties, leading to better therapeutic outcomes and safety for children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric pharmacology
- Nanomedicine
- Drug delivery systems
Background:
- Pediatric patients have unique physiological and developmental factors affecting drug efficacy and safety.
- Traditional drugs often have suboptimal pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in children, necessitating dose adjustments.
- Significant mortality in children aged 1-19 years is linked to treatable conditions like cancer and congenital anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the challenges in pediatric drug development and therapy.
- To explore the current applications and potential of nanomedicines in treating pediatric diseases.
- To discuss FDA-approved nanomedicines and relevant preclinical studies for pediatric conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nanomedicine applications in pediatric diseases.
- Analysis of Food and Drug Administration-approved nanomedicines for pediatric use.
- Examination of preclinical studies with potential clinical translation for pediatric nanotherapeutics.
Main Results:
- Nanomedicines improve drug solubility, stability, circulation, permeability, targeting, and release.
- Nanoparticle encapsulation addresses limitations of traditional drugs in pediatric populations.
- Current nanomedicine applications span diagnosis and treatment of various pediatric diseases.
Conclusions:
- Nanomedicine presents a promising strategy to overcome challenges in pediatric drug delivery.
- Further development and clinical translation of nanomedicines are crucial for advancing pediatric healthcare.
- Nanomedicine holds significant potential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases.
Abstract:
In 2020, the top 10 causes of death among children and adolescents between the ages of 1 and 19 years old included cancer, congenital anomalies, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease; all these conditions are potentially treatable with medical intervention. However, children exhibit specific physiological and developmental characteristics that can significantly impact drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile. These factors illustrate the importance of a heightened focus on pediatric drug development. Traditional drugs lack proper circulation, permeability, targeting, accumulation, and release, and they often require dose adjustments or modifications, which can result in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and increased risks of adverse effects in pediatric patients. Nanomedicines have emerged as efficient drug delivery systems because of their unique properties, which can improve the solubility and stability of drugs by encapsulating them in different forms of nanoparticles. This review discusses the challenges of pediatric therapy, and the current state of nanomedicines for pediatric diseases in terms of Food and Drug Administration-approved nanomedicines, the types of diseases treated or diagnosed, and preclinical studies that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. In summary, nanomedicine holds significant potential for addressing the unique and pressing challenges associated with diagnosing and treating pediatric diseases.
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