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Brain-Computer Interfaces with Intracortical Implants for Motor and Communication Functions Compensation: Review of

O A Mokienko1

  • 1Senior Researcher, Mathematical Neurobiology of Learning Laboratory; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova St., Moscow, 117485, Russia; Senior Researcher, Engineering Center; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow, 117997, Russia; Researcher, Brain-Computer Interface Group of Institute for Neurorehabilitation and Restorative Technologies; Research Center of Neurology, 80 Volokolamskoye Shosse, Moscow, 125367, Russia.

Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-computer interfaces with intracortical implants enable paralyzed individuals to control external devices. Ongoing advancements in neuronal signal processing are enhancing device control and providing insights into brain function.

Keywords:
anarthriabrain–computer interfacelocked-in syndromeneural implanttetraplegia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) facilitate direct communication between the brain and external devices, bypassing the peripheral nervous system.
  • Over two decades of clinical research have focused on refining invasive BCI technologies, particularly intracortical implants.
  • Continuous improvements in neuronal signal processing have been crucial for enhancing device control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical experimental results of BCIs with intracortical implants.
  • To outline the developmental stages and key breakthroughs in invasive BCI technology.
  • To highlight recent advancements and their impact on restoring function for severely disabled individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical trial data from invasive BCI studies.
  • Review of scientific literature on neuronal signal processing techniques for BCIs.
  • Examination of technological advancements in intracortical implant design and application.

Main Results:

  • Intracortical BCIs empower completely paralyzed patients with advanced control over robotic limbs, computers, and communication devices.
  • Significant improvements in speech synthesis and text typing speeds have been achieved.
  • BCI research consistently yields novel fundamental data on central nervous system functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive BCIs, especially those with intracortical implants, have reached a level of sophistication enabling substantial functional restoration.
  • Annual breakthroughs in BCI technology continue to expand possibilities for individuals with motor impairments.
  • The ongoing development of BCIs offers profound insights into brain function and holds immense therapeutic potential.