Contraceptive Use and Its Associations With Social Determinants of Health Among Young Adults

Nonuse and inconsistent use of contraception in young adults can result in undesired pregnancies. Prior research on contraceptive use has primarily focused on individual influences such as attitudes, beliefs, and skills related to contraceptive use, with little consideration of the social and economic determinants.

This study explored domains from the Healthy People 2030 Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework and examined their cross-sectional associations with young adults' self-reported contraceptive use (ie, any use in the past year and consistent use of contraception).

Eleven measures related to 5 SDH domains were extracted from the Add Health dataset collected from 2001 to 2002 (Wave III). The final sample included 11,172 youth with a mean age of 21.88 years (SD: 1.84) and was 53.8% female.

Measures associated with the past year's use of contraceptives included non-poverty status, employment, housing instability, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, and access to primary care. For consistent use of contraception, associated measures were participants' non-poverty status, employment, high school graduation, enrollment in higher education, English language spoken at home, experience of civic participation, incarceration, and access to health care.

Interventions that address social determinants of health can potentially promote contraceptive use.