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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

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Quantum Fluctuation Theorem for Arbitrary Measurement and Feedback Schemes.

Kacper Prech¹, Patrick P Potts¹

¹Department of Physics, <a href="https://ror.org/02s6k3f65">University of Basel</a>, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|October 18, 2024

Summary

We derived a new fluctuation theorem and second law of information thermodynamics applicable to all feedback control scenarios, even with strong continuous measurements. This provides a bound on entropy production using experimentally accessible quantities.

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Area of Science:

Quantum thermodynamics
Information thermodynamics
Statistical mechanics

Background:

Fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics constrain out-of-equilibrium systems.
Existing generalizations for feedback-controlled quantum systems have limitations with strong, continuous measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive a novel fluctuation theorem and second law of information thermodynamics.
To ensure applicability in arbitrary feedback control scenarios, including strong continuous measurements.

Main Methods:

Derivation of a generalized fluctuation theorem.
Formulation of a second law of information thermodynamics applicable to feedback control.
Analysis of a qubit system under discrete and continuous measurements.

Main Results:

A new fluctuation theorem applicable to arbitrary feedback control is established.
The derived second law bounds entropy production by inferrable coarse-grained entropy.
This bound remains valid even under strong, continuous measurements and does not diverge.

Conclusions:

The developed framework extends the applicability of fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics.
The results offer a practical tool for analyzing entropy production in quantum feedback systems.
The study demonstrates the utility of the approach with a qubit example.