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Navigating ChatGPT's alignment with expert consensus on pediatric OSA management.

Eileen C Howard1, Jonathan M Carnino1, Nicholas Y K Chong1

  • 1Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|October 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT, shows promise in aligning with expert consensus on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) management. However, inconsistencies highlight risks and the need for careful integration into healthcare decision-making.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceChatGPTExpert consensusObstructive sleep apneaPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) management requires adherence to expert consensus.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT are being explored for healthcare applications.
  • Evaluating AI alignment with established medical guidelines is crucial for safe clinical integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess ChatGPT's alignment with the 2024 expert consensus statement (ECS) on managing persistent pediatric OSA.
  • To identify areas where ChatGPT's responses deviate significantly from expert recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • ChatGPT's responses to 52 ECS statements on pediatric persistent OSA were analyzed.
  • Statements were input into ChatGPT using a 9-point Likert scale format, with responses averaged.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare ChatGPT's mean scores with the ECS mean scores.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT's responses aligned within 1.0 of the consensus mean for 63% of statements.
  • 13% of statements showed a deviation of 2.0 or greater, primarily in surgical and medical management.
  • Significant deviations indicated potential risks of disseminating inaccurate information and highlighted AI inconsistencies.

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT shows potential for aligning with expert medical opinions in pediatric OSA management.
  • Inconsistencies and potential inaccuracies necessitate careful consideration for clinical application.
  • Ongoing evaluation and collaboration are vital for the safe and effective integration of AI in healthcare decision-making.