Role of CD163 in PRRSV infection

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly infectious agent that poses a significant economic threat to the global swine industry. Efficient viral entry relies on interactions with cellular receptors, with CD163-a cysteine-rich scavenger receptor found on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs)-playing a critical role. Extensive evidence supports CD163's essential function in PRRSV infection. This review synthesizes current knowledge about CD163's role, examining its structure-function relationship and identifying specific regions crucial for viral entry. We evaluate the established role of CD163 in PRRSV pathogenesis and highlight areas requiring further investigation, along with the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Understanding the molecular determinants of CD163's function is vital for developing effective strategies to control PRRSV infection and mitigate its economic impact on swine production. Further research into the PRRSV-CD163 interactions will be crucial for creating novel antiviral strategies.