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Related Concept Videos

Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

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Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
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The correlation coefficient, r, developed by Karl Pearson in the early 1900s, is numerical and provides a measure of strength and direction of the linear association between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y.
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Variation01:19

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An important characteristic of any set of data is the variation in the data. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in other data sets, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The most common measure of variation, or spread, is the standard deviation, which is the square root of variance.
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
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The repeatability of stride time variability, regularity, and long-range correlations.

Patrick Slattery1, Jon Wheat2, L Eduardo Cofré Lizama3

  • 1Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.

Gait & Posture
|October 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Repeatability of gait analysis measures like DFA and SE was poor-to-moderate in soldiers under varying loads and speeds. Despite low repeatability, clinically meaningful gait changes may still be detectable.

Keywords:
Load-carriageRegularityReliabilityRepeatabilityStrideTest-retestVariability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Military Medicine
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and sample entropy (SE) assess gait complexity and regularity.
  • These non-linear measures are sensitive to gait impairments, showing potential for military injury risk identification.
  • Clinometric properties of DFA and SE in military contexts require establishment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the repeatability of DFA, SE, and linear gait variability measures (SD, CV) for stride time.
  • To evaluate these measures under different load (0kg, 23kg) and speed (self-selected, 5.5 km/h) conditions.
  • To establish the reliability of gait analysis for identifying soldiers at risk of injury.

Main Methods:

  • 14 Australian Army trainees underwent three testing sessions over two weeks.
  • Participants completed walking trials on an instrumented treadmill under varied load and speed conditions.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2,1) assessed between-session repeatability of linear (SD, CV) and non-linear (DFA, SE) gait measures.

Main Results:

  • Poor-to-moderate repeatability was observed for standard deviation (SD) (ICC: 0.357-0.545) and coefficient of variation (CV) (ICC: 0.371-0.529).
  • Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) demonstrated poor-to-moderate repeatability (ICC: 0.013-0.504).
  • Sample entropy (SE) exhibited poor repeatability (ICC: 0.133-0.226).

Conclusions:

  • The repeatability of DFA, SE, SD, and CV in gait analysis for soldiers under varying conditions is limited.
  • Despite low repeatability, the potential for detecting clinically significant gait alterations remains.
  • Further research is needed to refine gait analysis protocols for military applications.