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Surface Lattice Resonance Lasers with Epitaxial InP Gain Medium.

Anna Fischer1,2, Toby Severs Millard1,3, Xiaofei Xiao1

  • 1Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,U.K.

ACS Photonics
|October 21, 2024
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Summary

This study demonstrates photostable single-mode lasing in surface lattice resonance (SLR) lasers using solid-state indium phosphide (InP) waveguides. This advancement overcomes material degradation issues, enabling practical applications for integrated photonic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optical engineering
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Surface lattice resonance (SLR) lasers utilize plasmonic nanoparticles for feedback and thin-film gain materials.
  • Existing SLR lasers often use organic dyes or quantum dots, which are prone to photodegradation, limiting their practical use.
  • Solid-state laser gain media offer enhanced photostability compared to organic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate photostable, single-mode lasing in SLR lasers using an epitaxial solid-state indium phosphide (InP) slab waveguide.
  • To investigate the impact of nanoparticle coupling on lasing threshold and spectral properties.
  • To explore the potential for tunable emission wavelengths in solid-state SLR lasers.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an epitaxial InP slab waveguide integrated with a periodic array of plasmonic nanoparticles.
  • Characterization of lasing properties, including threshold, mode behavior, and spectral tunability.
  • Analysis of scattering losses due to weak coupling between nanoparticle array and optical modes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved photostable single-mode lasing in the InP slab waveguide SLR laser.
  • Experimental lasing threshold as low as 94.99 ± 0.82 μJ cm2 pulse-1 due to decreased scattering losses from weak coupling.
  • Demonstrated tunable emission wavelengths over a 70 nm spectral range by altering nanoparticle periodicity.

Conclusions:

  • Combining plasmonic nanoparticles with solid-state InP gain media enables photostable SLR lasers.
  • The developed SLR laser architecture offers low thresholds and tunable emission, suitable for on-chip integration.
  • This technology holds promise for applications in optical communication, computing, sensing, and LiDAR.