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Full-field dual modulation fluorescence lifetime imaging on rare earth ion upconversion
Optics Express
|July 2, 2026
Summary
Full-field dual modulation FLIM (FDM-FLIM) images weak, long-lived fluorescence efficiently. This new technique overcomes limitations of traditional FLIM, enabling robust hyperspectral lifetime imaging even with varying nanoparticle densities.
Area of Science:
- Optics and Photonics
- Biophysics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) maps molecular environments.
- FLIM can be slow for weak or long-lived fluorescence signals.
- Existing methods struggle with varying fluorophore densities.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce a faster, more robust FLIM technique.
- Enable imaging of weak and long-lived emitters.
- Demonstrate utility for hyperspectral lifetime imaging.
Main Methods:
- Developed full-field dual modulation FLIM (FDM-FLIM).
- Modulated excitation and emission signals.
- Projected signals directly onto a camera for lifetime extraction without phase retrieval.
Main Results:
- FDM-FLIM successfully images weak and long-lived emitters.
- Demonstrated robust imaging of Er/Yb upconversion nanoparticles near plasmonic nanostructures.
- Spatially varying lifetimes due to Purcell enhancement were resolved, independent of nanoparticle density.
Conclusions:
- FDM-FLIM is a robust and accessible method for full-field imaging.
- The technique enables hyperspectral lifetime imaging.
- FDM-FLIM overcomes limitations of traditional FLIM for challenging samples.
