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FSGe: A fast and strongly-coupled 3D fluid-solid-growth interaction method.

Martin R Pfaller1, Marcos Latorre2, Erica L Schwarz3,4

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A new computational platform, fluid-solid-growth (FSGe), accurately models blood flow and vessel wall changes. This approach captures complex interactions crucial for understanding diseases like aortic aneurysms.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational mechanics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Traditional growth and remodeling (G&R) models simplify fluid dynamics, neglecting critical variations in blood pressure and wall shear stress (WSS).
  • Accurate simulation of hemodynamics and vascular adaptation is essential for understanding cardiovascular health and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the fast, open-source, 3D computational platform, Equilibrated Fluid-Solid-Growth (FSGe).
  • To demonstrate FSGe's capability in simulating the mechanobiologically coupled interactions between blood flow and vessel wall adaptation.
  • To highlight the limitations of solid-only G&R models in scenarios with asymmetric stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Strongly coupling the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for blood flow with a 3D equilibrated constrained mixture model (CMMe) for vascular G&R.
  • Utilizing CMMe for predicting long-term mechanobiological equilibria at a computational cost comparable to hyperelastic models.
  • Applying FSGe to simulate aortic aneurysm development in a mouse model.

Main Results:

  • FSGe accurately captures evolving geometry, composition, and material properties in vascular tissues.
  • Simulations revealed greater local variations in WSS compared to intramural stress (IMS), especially in asymmetric conditions.
  • The influence of WSS relative to pressure significantly impacts the differences observed between FSGe and traditional G&R models.

Conclusions:

  • FSGe provides a more comprehensive approach to modeling vascular G&R by integrating detailed hemodynamic factors.
  • This platform is particularly important for simulating blood vessels with asymmetric stimuli and localized disease processes.
  • Future applications include modeling atherosclerosis lesion formation with spatial and temporal WSS variations.