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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

Lethal Alleles

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: February 23, 2024

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Fatema Alzamanan^1,2, Yuan Ding^1,3, Adil Harroud^1,2,3

¹The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Annals of Neurology

|October 21, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Higher genetically determined body mass index is linked to increased multiple sclerosis (MS) severity. This finding suggests weight management may be a key therapeutic strategy for MS patients.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Pathway Linking Obesity to Autoimmune Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

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Published on: April 4, 2012

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurology
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Obesity is a known factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) development.
The specific impact of obesity on MS-related disability remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between obesity metrics and multiple sclerosis severity.
To utilize Mendelian randomization to minimize confounding factors in the analysis.

Main Methods:

Employed Mendelian randomization analysis.
Analyzed data from 12,584 multiple sclerosis cases.
Assessed various obesity indicators, including body mass index and adiposity distribution.

Main Results:

A significant correlation was observed between genetically determined higher body mass index and increased MS severity (P=0.02).
General obesity measures corroborated this genetic association.
Adiposity distribution did not show a significant link to MS severity.

Conclusions:

Genetic evidence supports a link between obesity and worse long-term disability in multiple sclerosis.
Weight management emerges as a potential therapeutic avenue for mitigating MS progression.