A Review of Celiac Disease and Its Implications on Fertility and Pregnancy

Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by dietary gluten ingestion. The classic clinical presentation is characterized by diarrhea with malabsorption and weight loss; however, the spectrum of possible initial symptoms is broad. Affected individuals may be asymptomatic or may suffer from extraintestinal manifestations that can include metabolic bone disorders, thyroid dysfunction, neurologic manifestations, amenorrhea, or impaired fertility. Several studies have demonstrated an association between celiac disease and infertility and worsened pregnancy outcomes. Numerous possible mechanisms through which celiac disease could be associated with women's fertility have been proposed in the literature.